This Technical Report describes the steps necessary to use and to analyse two-level fractional factorial
designs through illustration with six distinct applications of this methodology.
NOTE 1 – Each of these six illustrations is similar in that resource constraints precluded the possibility of naively running
full factorial designs. Other commonalities among the six examples are noted [e.g. study objective, two levels for factors,
response variable(s), factors affecting the response]. On the other hand, the individual illustrations have some salient
features that are distinct.
NOTE 2 – The examples suggest the spectrum of possibilities both in application area and in choice of fractional factorial
designs. Fractional factorial designs can be used to identify important factors for subsequent investigation (screening
design) and can in some cases provide a viable understanding of the process under study. Fractional factorial designs
include screening designs and designs that have been popularized by Genichi Taguchi.
NOTE 3 – Fractional factorial experiments are sometimes employed by individuals (so-called “black belts” or “green
belts”) associated with Six Sigma methods. Six Sigma methods are concerned with problem solving and continuous
improvement. A fractional factorial experiment can be a cost-effective tool for obtaining timely improvements of processes
and products. Detailed discussions and treatment of other tools employed by Six Sigma practitioners can be identified in
various ISO/TC 69/SC 7 documents.